Smart Cities and Social Innovation: A Global Perspective

Abstract

This article examines how smart cities integrate social innovation into their urban strategies at a global level. Using a qualitative methodology based on a systematic review of public policies and thematic analysis of secondary sources, three models of integration were identified: technocratic, hybrid, and socially-driven. In addition, key enabling factors —such as multi-actor ecosystems, citizen participation, and institutional innovation capacity— were outlined, along with structural barriers that limit the effectiveness of social innovation in intelligent urban contexts. Findings reveal that a truly smart city is not defined solely by its technological infrastructure but by its ability to generate social value through participation, equity, and co-creation. The article concludes with differentiated recommendations for government, academic, civil society, and technology stakeholders, aimed at enhancing the legitimacy and impact of smart strategies from an inclusive and sustainable perspective.